Effect of N-acetyl cysteine, rifampicin, and ozone on biofilm formation in pan-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: an experimental study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the effectiveness of specific concentrations of antibiofilm agents, such as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), rifampicin, and ozone, for the treatment of pan-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (PRKp). OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effectiveness of antibiofilm agents, such as NAC, rifampicin, and ozone, on biofilm formation in PRKp at 2, 6, 24, and 72 h. DESIGN AND SETTING: This single-center experimental study was conducted on June 15, 2017, and July 15, 2018, at Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey. METHODS: Biofilm formation and the efficacy of these agents on the biofilm layer were demonstrated using colony counting and laser-screened confocal microscopy. RESULTS: NAC at a final concentration of 2 μg/mL was administered to bacteria that formed biofilms (24 h), and no significant decrease was detected in the bacterial counts of all isolates (all P > 0.05). Rifampicin with a final concentration of 0.1 μg/mL was administered to bacteria that formed biofilm (24 h), and no significant decrease was detected in bacterial count (all P > 0.05). Notably, ozonated water of even 4.78 mg/L concentration for 72 h decreased the bacterial count by ≥ 2 log10. CONCLUSION: Different approaches are needed for treating PRKp isolates. We demonstrate that PRKp isolates can be successfully treated with higher concentrations of ozone.

PERCEPTION OF FIRST YEAR MBBS STUDENTS TOWARDS ECE (EARLY CLINICAL EXPOSURE) IN PHYSIOLOGY.

Introduction : Early Clinical Exposure is a teaching learning method which enables student to learn basic sciences effectively and retain the information which bene?ts patient and promotes better patient care. Hundred students selected after applying inclusion exclusion criteria divided into 2 groups A and B taught Methodology : basal ganglia and thyroid physiology in conventional method and other in ECE integrated method respectively and after interchanging groups, demonstrating the clinical features of parkinsonism and hypothyroidism for ECE group. A pretest and post-test were conducted preceding and following lecture in both settings. The results obtained were interpreted using Results : excel. The mean of pre-test marks for Traditional teaching and ECE integrated teaching are 5.62±2.42 and 4.58±2.33 respectively and the post-test scores of Traditional and ECE teaching are 10.62±2.52 and 12.8±2.46 respectively. Discussion : Majority considered that the synchronisation of classroom learning with clinical experiences was bene?cial, and the majority believed that integrated teaching improved understanding of the practical applications of physiology. Through Conclusion : this study we conclude that ECE integrated teaching is more effective in imparting knowledge in ?rst MBBS students as the gap of imagination was bridged by live demonstration with help of patient which is re?ected in the Likert scale and in the scores. Though the ECE integration is a tough job for the teacher, it is a great learning tool for students.

Effectiveness of checklist in objective structured practical examination as teaching tool for learning practical physiology

Background: Objective structured practical examination (OSPE) is becoming popular as an assessment tool among pre and paraclinical departments. Checklist being the important component of OSPE, which can set out skills, attitudes, strategies, and offers ways to systematically organize information that student needs to learn. Traditional demonstration (TD) with its own drawback makes us to look for newer teaching method of objective learning, which checklist of OSPE can serve. Hence, we intend to know whether the checklist of OSPE can be used as a tool for teaching practical physiology. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare effectiveness of using checklist of OSPE and TD in teaching practical physiology and to evaluate the perception of students and faculty regarding checklist of OSPE as teaching tool. Materials and Methods: Sixty First MBBS students were sensitized to both checklist of OSPE and TD for six physiology practical sessions in two groups. Crossover was done between the groups for checklist of OSPE and TD. Marks obtained in OSPE were compared. Feedback was given to students about their performance after their OSPE assessment. Student’s and faculty’s perception on use of checklist of OSPE as teaching tool were obtained using questionnaires. Results: The mean marks scored in OSPE were compared using unpaired t-test. The total mean scores following the sensitization with checklist of OSPE were 53.36 ± 4.78 and with TD were 47.01 ± 5.52 and P value < 0.001, which was highly significant. The students and faculty felt that checklist of OSPE pattern was more objective, helped to learn clinical skills and knowledge better. Conclusions: Checklist of OSPE is a better tool to teach practical and clinical skills in physiology as it is more reliable, objective, and also helps to self-assess different aspects of knowledge.

A Brief Analysis of Equivalence Demonstration Techniques for Clinical Evaluation of Medical Devices / 中国医疗器械杂志

This study overviewed equivalence demonstration, the principles for the selection of comparative devices, the difficulties in equivalence demonstration, and the equivalence demonstration of special medical devices. In addition, the concept of equivalence demonstration was adopted for the products exempted from clinical evaluation, and there were many confusion in actual use. The operation points and difficult points of equivalence demonstration for the products exempted from clinical evaluation were introduced in order to provide reference for medical device colleagues.

Video-based digital platforms as an educational resource for the surgical preparation of orthopedic surgeons

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to research the video-based digital platforms that orthopedic specialists in Turkey use as an educational resource in their surgical preparations that they have not seen or done before, the frequency of their use of these platforms, and their trust in these platforms, with a survey study. METHODS: The importance of video-based digital platforms in surgical preparations that surgeons have not seen or done before was measured using the data obtained from 181 orthopedic specialists using a survey prepared on an Internet-based server (docs.google.com). RESULTS: Orthopedists used video-based digital platforms with a ratio of 38.7% among the educational resources in their surgical preparations that they have not seen or done before. There was no significant difference between the specialists with a surgical experience of 1-10 years and more than 10 years of experience in terms of using video-based digital platforms in surgical preparation (p>0.05). A total of 81.2% of the participants used only video-based digital platforms in the preparation of a surgical procedure they have never seen before. The most frequently used digital platform was YouTube, and 62% of the participants considered these platforms reliable. CONCLUSION: Orthopedic specialists in Turkey primarily and frequently use video-based digital platforms as a training resource in their preparations for surgery that they have not seen or done before. The establishment or support of platforms with evidence-based content with references from official orthopedic institutions and organizations can increase the trust of orthopedic specialists in these platforms.

Effectiveness of competency-based teaching and comparison to traditional teaching of Phase I MBBS students

Background: During MBBS course, the students’ study about cardiovascular system (CVS) in physiology, pathology, pharmacology, preventive medicine, pediatrics, and medicine for the management and diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders. Blood pressure measurement is a common and a beneficial tool for the diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders (hypertension, hypotension, etc.) along with their treatment and management. Thus, knowing the proper technique of measuring blood pressure becomes an essential part of learning the course and management of cardiovascular disease. This study is designed to teach and train the first phase undergraduate students to measure blood pressure in a proper way so that they do not stumble on the first step of examination of CVS. Competency-based training is an outcome-based approach that involves identifying the skills acquired by Indian medical graduate. Competency-based teaching involves teaching of undergraduate students to support their achievement and assessment of the communication and technical skills and to develop their ability to interpret the results of blood pressure measurement for apt patient management. Aim and Objectives: This study aims to assess and compare the effect of competency-based teaching and traditional teaching in learning the skill of blood pressure measurement. Materials and Methods: Two hundred students were taken from Phase I undergraduate medical students which were randomly divided in two Groups A and B. Competency-based teaching of blood pressure measurement was done in Group A in by teaching method of demonstrate, observe, assist, and perform and Group B was taught by traditional demonstration. Pre-test questionnaire was given to both the groups before beginning of the practical session. The students learning of skill to measure blood pressure was assessed by directly observed procedural skills (DOPS) checklist after which student feedback was provided along with filling up of the post-test questionnaire. Furthermore, feedback from both student and teacher was collected. Results: Highly significant difference was found between pre-test and post-test of both Group A and Group B. Significant difference was found between Group A and Group B post-test scores. It was found that Group A in which competency-based teaching was done scored higher post-test scores then Group B. Furthermore, highly significant difference was seen among the scores of DOPS checklist between Group A and Group B. Conclusion: In the present research study, it was found that the students who underwent competency-based training of the skill of blood pressure measurement showed significantly higher scores in learning and performing the skill. Furthermore, on feedback provided by the students, 96% of the students strongly agree that the competency-based teaching and learning is better than traditional teaching.

Efectividad de las sesiones demostrativas para mejorar el conocimiento en la prevención de la anemia en gestantes, madres lactantes De niños menores de 3 años. Centro de salud Aparicio Pomares. Huánuco ­ perú / Effectiveness of demonstration sessions to improve knowledge in the prevention of anemia in pregnant women, nursing mothers of children under 3 years. Aparicio pomares health center. Huánuco ­ Peru

El problema de la anemia está muy relacionado a los índices de pobreza, falta de cuidado de la salud y educación de la población, pero principalmente a la falta de conocimientos sobre alimentación y nutrición infantil por parte de las madres. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de las sesiones demostrativas para mejorar el conocimiento en la prevención de la anemia en gestantes, madres lactantes de niños menores de 3 años. Materiales y Métodos: El estudio fue de tipo experimental, descriptivo y de nivel observacional, explicativo y analítico. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 200 gestantes, obteniendo una muestra de 30 gestantes y 20 madres lactantes de niños menores de 3 años, haciendo un total de 50 pacientes, se utilizó el cuestionario para la recolección de datos, aplicado en dos momentos; antes y después de las sesiones demostrativas, con la finalidad de comparar los resultados. Resultados: El nivel de conocimiento teórico de las madres, luego de la aplicación de las sesiones demostrativas se incrementó su nivel a un conocimiento alto. Respecto a los conocimientos prácticos luego de la aplicación de las sesiones, se logró un conocimiento alto. Conclusiones: La técnica de sesiones demostrativas en el incremento de conocimientos es efectiva(AU)

The problem of anemia is closely related to the rates of poverty, lack of care of the health and education of the population, but mainly to the lack of knowledge about food and infant nutrition by mothers. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the demonstration sessions to improve knowledge in the prevention of anemia in pregnant women, nursing mothers of minor children 3 years old Materials and methods: The study was of type, experimental, descriptive and observational level, explanatory and analytical. The study population consisted of 200 pregnant women, obtaining a sample of 30 pregnant women and 20 lactating mothers of children under 3 years of age, making a total of 50 patients, the questionnaire was used for data collection, applied in two moments; before and after demonstration sessions, in order to compare the results. Results: The level of theoretical knowledge of the mothers, after the application of the demonstrative sessions their level to high knowledge. Regarding the practical knowledge after the application of the sessions, high knowledge was achieved. Conclusions: The technique of demonstrative sessions in the increase of knowledge is effective(AU)

Introduction and application of deep integration strategy of extracurricular scientific research management and information technology for undergraduates in military medical universities / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This study deeply analyzes the common problems of three military medical universities in the management of undergraduate extracurricular scientific research, such as lack of communication means, limited online resources, backward laboratory opening and low utilization rate of equipment. We have built a cloud platform management system for undergraduate extracurricular scientific research. This system firstly sets up a teaching resources storage module including videos, PPTs, documents, pictures, electronic materials, question bank, etc. Then four subsystems for different roles of students, mentors, experimental teaching staff and administrators are constructed. Finally, this system realizes independent experiments by students, real-time evaluation by mentors, instrument sharing and efficient management through the seamless connection with the user terminal equipment. And the study also makes evaluation on the present usage.

Evaluation of the construction effect of the comprehensive prevention and control demonstration area for chronic diseases in a banner county of Inner Mongolia / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To evaluate the construction effect of a national comprehensive prevention and control demonstration area for chronic diseases in a banner county in Inner Mongolia, and to provide a scientific basis for deepening the construction of the demonstration area and improving the formulation of chronic disease prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods Using the chronic disease nutrition monitoring data of residents aged 18 and over in a banner county in Inner Mongolia in 2015 and 2018, the prevalence, awareness, and management and treatment rates of the main chronic diseases of residents with different characteristics, as well as the changes in healthy behaviors and lifestyles were compared and analyzed. SPSS25.0 software was used for data analysis. The classification variables were mainly described by rate and composition ratio. The comparison of rates of various indicators between the two years was performed using 2 test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze statistical correlation between the continuous construction of the demonstration area from 2015 to 2018 and the various indicators. The test level was α=0.05. Results In 2015 and 2018, 621 and 600 residents aged 18 and above were investigated respectively. The prevalence of diabetes (8.17%) and the prevalence of dyslipidemia (28.13%) of residents in the demonstration area in 2018 were lower than those in the demonstration area in 2015 (12.08% and54.91%, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In 2018, the diabetes awareness rate (71.43%), diabetes treatment rate (71.43%), diabetes management rate (38.78%), and dyslipidemia awareness rate (51.50%) of residents in the demonstration area were higher than those in the demonstration area in 2015 (42.67%, 42.67%, 13.33%, and 31.09%, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In 2018, the current smoking rate (20.83%) of residents in the demonstration area, the drinking rate within one year (31.67%), insufficient intake of fresh vegetables (51.00%), and excessive intake of edible salt (47.83%) were all lower than those of residents in the demonstration area in 2015 (30.43%, 45.57%, 71.18%, and 78.42%, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the continuous construction of the demonstration area was statistically correlated with dyslipidemia (OR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.24-0.39), diabetes awareness (OR=3.92, 95%CI: 1.68-9.12), diabetes treatment (OR=4.53, 95%CI:1.75-11.70), diabetes management (OR=5.82, 95%CI: 1.94-17.52), awareness of dyslipidemia (OR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.04-2.38), current smoking (OR=0.60, 95%CI:0.44-0.82), drinking within one year (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.35-0.61), and insufficient intake of fresh vegetables (OR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.35-0.58). Conclusion The construction of a national demonstration zone for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases can significantly reduce the prevalence of major chronic diseases among residents in a banner county in Inner Mongolia, improve the self-management level of patients with chronic diseases, and promote the development of healthy behaviors and lifestyles.

Integrating dynamic elements to static biochemistry-the practice of unitized "micro-teaching" / 生物工程学报

As the content of static biochemistry is boring and traditional cramming education fails to draw the attention of students, we divided the course into small units and then made full use of "micro-teaching" resources such as multimedia slides, pictures, objects, experimental demonstrations and animations of the biochemical principles. The method created a "micro-teaching" environment, which combined boring static knowledge with vivid dynamic elements, thus producing a strong sensory impact on students, highlighting the knowledge in their mind, prompting students' participation, and greatly improving the teaching effects. This article introduces the goals and development process of this teaching method, and takes "Protein Denaturation and Renaturation" as an example to demonstrate the design and implementation process of the "micro-teaching", which seems to be of great significance to the improvement of the teaching quality of biochemistry course and serves as a reference for reform in other courses.

First batch of national demonstration areas for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases in Shanghai:their healthy environment construction and effectiveness evaluation / 上海预防医学

Objective To make assessment on construction effectiveness of the first batch of national chronic disease comprehensive control and prevention demonstration areas (NCD demonstration areas) in Shanghai, summarizing NCD experience and its characteristics, so as to provide reference for other regions. Methods Data were collected and analysed concerning construction of health support environment and regional characteristics of the six districts-Xuhui, Jing′an, Minhang, Jiading, Songjiang and Qingpu.Descriptive data from Shanghai Non-communicable Diseases and Risk Factors Surveillance in 2013 and 2017 was also analyzed for evaluation. Results It was noted that health support environment had been in continuous construction.The total number of health units increased by 1 502 as compared with pre-construction.The number of new type health units increased by 489 such as health theme parks, health trails and health huts.All six districts established self-help health test points covering all streets and towns.Residents′ living and behavior styles were improved, as there was a decrease in current smoking rate, oil intake and salt intake in the six NCD demonstration areas.In Xuhui, Minhang and Jiading three districts, the current smoking rate among residents over 18 years old remarkably declined.In five of the six districts, the average daily oil intake per family member was significantly reduced and so was the average daily salt intake per family member in the six districts.In addition, the six demonstration areas in Shanghai explored several models of NCD prevention and control in line with regional characteristics, which produced positive results. Conclusion The first batch of demonstration areas of Shanghai have achieved effective results in aspects of environmental support and health effects.The modes of NCD prevention and control in different districts present their regional characteristics, which provide significant reference for other regions of Shanghai in this regard.

Role of educational intervention with practical demonstration in improving inhaler technique

Background: Chronic respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma being the most common. There is under-utilization of the basic tools of inhalation therapy technique(s) in their management. Implementation of a personalized educational and demonstrational intervention by the attending physician during regular follow-up visits of these patients will substantially improve the treatment outcome.Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted on 239 diagnosed cases of asthma and COPD. Inhaler technique was assessed in accordance to standard checklist and errors were corrected by a practical demonstration. A follow-up assessment was conducted for the same after 2 weeks. Data thus collected was evaluated.Results: Out of 239 patients, 47.6% (n=114) reported for follow-up assessment. Average reporting time for follow-up assessment was 27.4 days. Amongst them, an improvement of at least one step was found in 86.8% (n= 99) and about 28% (n=32) patients performed all steps correctly. Average number of steps improved was 2.1.Conclusions: Majority of the patients showed an improvement in the inhaler technique during follow-up assessment after an educational intervention and practical demonstration. Near perfection was achieved by about more than quarter of the patients. Regular practical demonstration of the inhalation technique during subsequent follow-up sessions unequivocally improves results.

Factors influencing bronchial asthma exacerbations with special emphasis on inhaler usage

Background: Study of risk factors help make patients aware about them and they can be taught to take proper precautions to prevent the exacerbation of asthma. Objective was to study factors influencing bronchial asthma exacerbations with special emphasis on inhaler usage.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out over a period of three months among 218 eligible patients with asthma who could give written informed consent and willing to participate in the present study and the data was recorded in a pre tested, semi structured study questionnaire. The data was recorded in the Microsoft Excel Worksheet and analyzed using proportions and mean+2SD.Results: We found that advanced age, exposure to dust, fumes and allergens, lower social class, presence of other co-morbidities, irregular use of inhalers, and not demonstrated the technique of proper inhaler use were significantly associated with exacerbation of bronchial asthma. Other factors like mean duration of illness, mean duration of use of inhalers, gender, presence of allergic rhinitis, type of device used for inhalation and taking consultation from pulmonologist were not significantly associated with exacerbations of asthma.Conclusions: Demonstrating and teaching the patient on how to use the device of inhaler plays a significant role in reducing the risk of exacerbation of bronchial asthma.

Preliminary study on the application of real-time anatomical demonstration in the theoretical teaching of otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effects of real-time anatomical demonstration and traditional teaching in otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery.@*Methods@#Students who studied this course from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were divided into two groups: clinical students in 5-year program (n=22) were assigned to the experimental group and students from"5+3" stomatology major (n=35) were assigned to control group. Both groups had two class hours, with the same teacher teaching at the same day. Students in the experimental group were taught with theoretical teaching combined with real-time anatomical demonstration, while students in the control group was taught with traditional theoretical teaching with multimedia content. Students in the two groups completed the questionnaire and received quiz; SPSS 19.0 was used to perform the independent-samples T test of between-group data.@*Results@#According to the questionnaire, scores for different items of the teaching method in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group. But according to the examination scores, average scores of the theoretical examination in the control group was (85.143±8.268), which was obviously higher than that of (64.545±11.434) in the experimental group, with statistically significant differences (t=7.885, P=0.000).@*Conclusion@#Teaching effect combined with real-time anatomical demonstration is not obvious to short-term examination, which may be related to the short-term understanding and absorption of knowledge for students in different majors, but it is coherent with the difference of entrance-examination scores of students from the two groups. This teaching model can stimulate students' interest in learning, and help them choose their professions, which may have certain advantages in the future long-term teaching effect.

Preliminary study on the application of real-time anatomical demonstration in the theoretical teaching of otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of real-time anatomical demonstration and traditional teaching in otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery.Methods Students who studied this course from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were divided into two groups:clinical students in 5-year program (n=22) were assigned to the experimental group and students from"5+3" stomatology major (n=35) were assigned to control group.Both groups had two class hours,with the same teacher teaching at the same day.Students in the experimental group were taught with theoretical teaching combined with real-time anatomical demonstration,while students in the control group was taught with traditional theoretical teaching with multimedia content.Students in the two groups completed the questionnaire and received quiz;SPSS 19.0 was used to perform the independent-samples T test of between-group data.Results According to the questionnaire,scores for different items of the teaching method in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group.But according to the examination scores,average scores of the theoretical examination in the control group was (85.143 ± 8.268),which was obviously higher than that of (64.545 ± 11.434) in the experimental group,with statistically significant differences (t=7.885,P=0.000).Conclusion Teaching effect combined with real-time anatomical demonstration is not obvious to short-term examination,which may be related to the short-term understanding and absorption of knowledge for students in different majors,but it is coherent with the difference of entrance-examination scores of students from the two groups.This teaching model can stimulate students' interest in learning,and help them choose their professions,which may have certain advantages in the future long-term teaching effect.

Demonstration and reference of DRGs case management in a medical center in Taiwan of China / 中华医院管理杂志

Since the first edition of Tw-DRGs was developed in Taiwan in 2002, the system introduction of the hospital management level has been successfully completed. This paper detailed the organizational structure of DRGs case management in local hospitals ( DRGs promotion group, front-end medical care, ICD end, and the medical expenses reporting). It also introduced the operation process of identifying, locking and adjusting process of the pre-hospital, in-hospital and post-hospital aspects of inpatients, and provides in the end useful experiences for the promotion of DRGs case management in China′s mainland hospitals.

Demonstration of field prevention and control equipment system / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To establish an infectious disease field prevention and control equipment system to facilitate equipment efficacy evaluation. Methods The equipment system was determined by analyses on the main procedure of infectious disease field prevention and control,researches on the missions and equipment requirements of grades of facilities for disease prevention and control,references to related equipment allocation standards as well as expert consulting.Results The first-grade system consisted of six classes and 136 subclasses of equipment,the second-grade system was made up of six classes and 114 subclasses of equipment and the third-grade system included six classes and 58 subclasses of equipment. Conclusion The three-grade infectious disease field prevention and control equipment system contributes to equipment efficacy evaluation.

Study on the overall implementation status of the National Demonstration Areas for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the current overall status of implementation on the National Demonstration Areas of Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases.Methods According to the scheme design of the questionnaires,all the National Demonstration Areas were involved in this study.For each National Demonstration Areas,eight departments were selected to complete a total of 12 questionnaires.Results Scores related to the implementation of the National Demonstration Areas accounted for 71.8％ of the total 170 points.Based on the scores gathered from this study,the 23-items-index-system that represented the status of project implementation was classified into seven categories.Categories with higher percentile scores would include:monitoring (88.0％),safeguard measures (75.0％),health education and health promotion (75.0％).Categories with lower percentile scores would include:the national health lifestyle actions (67.7％),community diagnosis (66.7％),discovery and intervention of high-risk groups (64.7％),and patient management (60.9％).There were significant differences noticed among the eastern,central and western areas on items as safeguard measures,health education/promotion,discovery and intervention of high-risk groups.In all,the implementation programs in the eastern Demonstration Areas seemed better than in the central or western regions.As for the 23 items,five of the highest scores appeared on policy support,mortality surveillance,tumor registration,reporting system on cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events,and on tobacco control,respectively.However,the lowest five scores fell on healthy diet,patient self-management program,oral hygiene,setting up the demonstration units and promotion on basic public health services,respectively.The overall scores in the eastern region was higher than that in the central or the western regions.The scores in the central and western regions showed basically the same.Conclusions The overall status of implementation on the National Demonstration Areas was satisfactory.Future attention should be focusing on patient management as well as discovery and intervention of high-risk groups,which also presented the lowest scores,in this survey.

Study on consumption of vegetables and fruits and related influencing factors among residents from the National Demonstration Areas for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the consumption of vegetables and fruits and related influencing factors among residents from the National Demonstration Areas of Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases.Methods From November to December,2016,a total of 4 000 residents,aged 18 or above,from ten Demonstration Areas,were selected as participants for this study by multi-stage cluster random sampling method.Information on vegetables,fruits consumption and related influencing factors was collected via questionnaire.Results A total of 3 891 residents were involved in the final analysis.Daily consumption of vegetables and fruits accounted for 72.1％ and 53.6％ of the residents under study.The residents who were aware of the National Demonstration Areas activities were more willing to have adequate intake of vegetables (OR=3.017,95％CI:2.426-3.753) and fruits (OR=1.261,95％CI:1.007-1.580).Residents with higher degree of participation activities of the demonstration areas were more likely to have adequate fruits intake (high degree:OR=1.431,95％CI:1.210-1.694;medium degree:OR=1.573,95％CI:1.315-1.882).Conclusions The implementation of the National Demonstration Areas for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases has improved the adequate vegetables and fruits intake among residents.Relevant activities carried out in the Demonstration Areas appeared conducive to the healthy lifestyle of the residents.

Management programs on diabetes among Chinese adults in the National Demonstration Areas for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the current situation on management of diabetes mellitus patients aged 35 and above in the National Demonstration Areas for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases,in China.Methods Local residents,aged 18 years and above were randomly selected by a complex,multistage,probability sampling method.Face-to-face questionnaire survey was carried out between November and December 2016.Rates regarding prevalence,treatment and management of diabetes were calculated,and influencing factors of diabetes were analyzed by using the non-conditional logistic regression model.Results A total of 3 213 residents aged ≥35 years were included in this study,of which 11.48％ (369/3 213) reported that they had ever been informed by a doctor or other health worker that their blood sugar level was high or being diabetic.The rate of self-reported treatment among the diabetic patients was 83.20％ (307/369).Rates on overall management and standardized management were 69.92％ (258/369) and 53.66％ (198/369),respectively.Higher rates were seen in residents aged 55 to 64 years,76.32％ for overall management and 59.65％ for standardized management.Through multiple logistic regression analysis,we found that standardized management for diabetes was much higher in the Demonstration Areas located in the eastern areas (OR=2.942,95％CI:1.547-5.594),or patients with characteristics including high implementation score (OR=3.499,95％ CI:1.865-6.563),already signed family doctors (OR=5.661,95％ CI:3.237-9.899),or without hypertension (OR=1.717,95％ CI:1.010-2.920).Residents who were living in the first and second batch areas of implementation or responding to the NCDs with positive attitude were more likely to accept standardized management.Conclusion Prevention and management programs on diabetes had met the requirements set for the Demonstration Areas which had promoted the specific implementation and further development of standardized management on diabetes.